Figures · Guide
Alphabetical register
Names follow the main dossier headings; alternate names appear within each dossier. Roman family names recur, so use the full identity rather than a surname alone.
| Figure | Life or traditional period | Principal role | Dossier |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aegidius | Birth unknown; died 464/465 CE | Roman commander maintaining power in northern Gaul | RF-120 |
| Agrippina the Younger | 15–59 CE | Imperial consort and mother of Nero | RF-053 |
| Alaric I | c. 370–410 CE | Gothic leader and Roman military negotiator | RF-108 |
| Amalasuntha | c. 495–535 CE | Gothic regent and queen in Italy | RF-128 |
| Ambrose of Milan | c. 339–397 CE | Bishop former governor and ecclesiastical statesman | RF-105 |
| Ammianus Marcellinus | c. 330–after 390 CE | Soldier and historian | RF-143 |
| Anastasius I | c. 430–518 CE | Eastern Roman emperor | RF-126 |
| Antoninus Pius | 86–161 CE | Emperor | RF-071 |
| Arminius | c. 18/17 BCE–21 CE | Cheruscan leader and former Roman auxiliary officer | RF-048 |
| Attila | Birth unknown; died 453 CE | Ruler of a Hunnic confederation | RF-116 |
| Augustine of Hippo | 354–430 CE | Bishop, theologian, and author | RF-147 |
| Augustus | 63 BCE–14 CE | First Roman princeps | RF-043 |
| Aulus Vitellius | 15–69 CE | Emperor proclaimed by the Rhine armies | RF-062 |
| Aurelian | c. 214–275 CE | Emperor and reunifier | RF-088 |
| Belisarius | c. 500–565 CE | Eastern Roman general | RF-131 |
| Bonifatius | Birth unknown; died 432 CE | African commander and rival of Aetius | RF-114 |
| Boudica | Birth unknown; died c. 60/61 CE | Leader of a major revolt in Roman Britain | RF-058 |
| Caligula | 12–41 CE | Emperor | RF-051 |
| Caracalla | 188–217 CE | Emperor | RF-077 |
| Cassiodorus | c. 485–c. 580 CE | Roman administrator, compiler, and monastic founder | RF-146 |
| Cassius Dio | c. 164–after 229 CE | Senator, consul, provincial administrator, and historian | RF-142 |
| Claudian | c. 370–c. 404 CE | Court poet, panegyrist, and political advocate | RF-144 |
| Claudius | 10 BCE–54 CE | Emperor | RF-052 |
| Claudius II Gothicus | c. 214–270 CE | Emperor and commander against the Goths | RF-087 |
| Cleopatra VII | 69–30 BCE | Ptolemaic queen of Egypt | RF-041 |
| Commodus | 161–192 CE | Emperor | RF-074 |
| Constantine I | c. 272–337 CE | Emperor and patron of Christianity | RF-094 |
| Constantine III | Birth unknown; died 411 CE | Rival western emperor | RF-110 |
| Constantius I | c. 250–306 CE | Caesar and emperor | RF-092 |
| Constantius II | 317–361 CE | Emperor | RF-097 |
| Count Theodosius | Birth unknown; died c. 375/376 CE | Senior general and restorer of provincial control | RF-103 |

| Figure | Life or traditional period | Principal role | Dossier |
|---|---|---|---|
| Decebalus | Birth unknown; died 106 CE | Dacian king and opponent of Rome | RF-069 |
| Decius | c. 201–251 CE | Emperor | RF-081 |
| Diocletian | c. 244–c. 311/312 CE | Emperor and architect of tetrarchic government | RF-090 |
| Domitian | 51–96 CE | Emperor | RF-066 |
| Elagabalus | c. 203/204–222 CE | Emperor and priest of the Emesene solar god | RF-079 |
| Eutropius | Fourth century CE; dates uncertain | Imperial official and epitomator | RF-149 |
| Flavius Aetius | c. 390–454 CE | Senior western general and political broker | RF-115 |
| Flavius Josephus | 37/38–c. 100 CE | Judaean commander, historian, and Flavian client | RF-139 |
| Gaiseric | c. 389–477 CE | Vandal and Alan king | RF-117 |
| Gaius Cassius Longinus | c. 86–42 BCE | Senator commander and conspirator | RF-036 |
| Gaius Julius Caesar | 100–44 BCE | Consul, general, author, and dictator | RF-032 |
| Gaius Marius | 157–86 BCE | General and seven-time consul | RF-021 |
| Gaius Sallustius Crispus | 86–c. 35 BCE | Senator, provincial governor, and historian | RF-136 |
| Gaius Sempronius Gracchus | 154–121 BCE | Tribune and legislative reformer | RF-019 |
| Gaius Suetonius Paulinus | First century CE; death unknown | General governor and civil-war commander | RF-057 |
| Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus | c. 69–after 122 CE | Imperial secretary and biographer | RF-141 |
| Galba | 3 BCE–69 CE | Emperor and former provincial governor | RF-060 |
| Galerius | c. 250–311 CE | Tetrarch and eastern emperor | RF-093 |
| Galla Placidia | c. 388–450 CE | Imperial daughter, queen consort, and Augusta | RF-109 |
| Gallienus | c. 218–268 CE | Emperor | RF-083 |
| Germanicus | 15 BCE–19 CE | Imperial prince and commander | RF-049 |
| Geta | 189–211 CE | Co-emperor and murdered Severan heir | RF-078 |
| Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo | c. 7–67 CE | General and eastern commander | RF-056 |
| Gnaeus Julius Agricola | 40–93 CE | Consul, governor, and commander in Britain | RF-059 |
| Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus | 106–48 BCE | General, consul, and extraordinary commander | RF-028 |
| Gratian | 359–383 CE | Emperor of the western imperial sphere | RF-102 |
| Hadrian | 76–138 CE | Emperor | RF-070 |
| Hannibal Barca | 247–c. 183 BCE | Carthaginian commander and later suffete | RF-010 |
| Honorius | 384–423 CE | Western emperor | RF-106 |
| Jordanes | Sixth century CE; dates uncertain | Compiler and historian of Roman and Gothic history | RF-150 |
| Jovian | 331–364 CE | Emperor and successor to Julian | RF-099 |
| Jugurtha | c. 160–104 BCE | Numidian king and opponent of Rome | RF-020 |
| Julia Domna | c. 160–217 CE | Imperial consort and dynastic patron | RF-076 |
| Julian | 331/332–363 CE | Emperor, general, and philosophical writer | RF-098 |
| Justin I | c. 450–527 CE | Soldier emperor and founder of Justinian's ruling house | RF-127 |
| Justinian I | 482–565 CE | Eastern Roman emperor | RF-129 |
| Khosrow I | Birth uncertain; died 579 CE | Sasanian king of kings | RF-134 |
| Leo I | c. 401–474 CE | Eastern Roman emperor | RF-123 |
| Licinius | c. 265–325 CE | Emperor and rival of Constantine | RF-096 |
| Livia Drusilla | 58 BCE–29 CE | Imperial consort and dynastic intermediary | RF-044 |
| Lucius Aelius Sejanus | c. 20 BCE–31 CE | Praetorian prefect and imperial favorite | RF-050 |
| Lucius Aemilius Paullus | c. 229–160 BCE | Consul and conqueror of the Macedonian monarchy | RF-015 |
| Lucius Annaeus Seneca | c. 4 BCE–65 CE | Philosopher, dramatist, senator, and imperial adviser | RF-054 |
| Lucius Cornelius Sulla | 138–78 BCE | General, consul, and dictator | RF-022 |
| Lucius Junius Brutus | Traditional sixth century BCE | Leader of the expulsion of the kings and early consul | RF-004 |
| Lucius Licinius Lucullus | c. 118–57/56 BCE | Consul and eastern commander | RF-024 |
| Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus | Traditional fifth century BCE | Consul and dictator in Republican tradition | RF-005 |
| Lucius Sergius Catilina | c. 108–62 BCE | Senator and leader of an armed conspiracy | RF-030 |
| Lucius Verus | 130–169 CE | Co-emperor | RF-073 |
| Majorian | c. 420–461 CE | Western emperor and campaigning ruler | RF-118 |
| Marcus Aemilius Lepidus | c. 89–13/12 BCE | Consul triumvir and pontifex maximus | RF-038 |
| Marcus Antonius | 83–30 BCE | General consul and triumvir | RF-037 |
| Marcus Aurelius | 121–180 CE | Emperor and Stoic writer | RF-072 |

| Figure | Life or traditional period | Principal role | Dossier |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marcus Claudius Marcellus | c. 268–208 BCE | Consul and general | RF-009 |
| Marcus Furius Camillus | Traditional death 365 BCE | General and repeated dictator | RF-006 |
| Marcus Junius Brutus | 85–42 BCE | Senator praetor and leader of the Liberators | RF-035 |
| Marcus Licinius Crassus | c. 115–53 BCE | General, financier, consul, and political broker | RF-027 |
| Marcus Porcius Cato the Elder | 234–149 BCE | Consul, censor, soldier, and author | RF-013 |
| Marcus Porcius Cato the Younger | 95–46 BCE | Senator tribune and opponent of Caesar | RF-031 |
| Marcus Tullius Cicero | 106–43 BCE | Consul, advocate, political thinker, and correspondent | RF-029 |
| Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa | c. 63–12 BCE | General, admiral, consul, and imperial deputy | RF-042 |
| Masinissa | c. 238–148 BCE | Numidian king and decisive Roman ally | RF-012 |
| Maxentius | c. 278–312 CE | Emperor based at Rome | RF-095 |
| Maximian | c. 250–310 CE | Emperor and western tetrarch | RF-091 |
| Mithridates VI Eupator | c. 135–63 BCE | King and major opponent of Roman expansion | RF-025 |
| Narses | c. 480–c. 573 CE | Court official and general | RF-132 |
| Nero | 37–68 CE | Emperor | RF-055 |
| Nero Claudius Drusus | 38–9 BCE | Imperial prince and frontier commander | RF-045 |
| Nerva | 30–98 CE | Emperor | RF-067 |
| Numa Pompilius | Traditional eighth to seventh centuries BCE | King and religious lawgiver in Roman tradition | RF-002 |
| Octavia Minor | c. 69–11 BCE | Aristocratic patron and dynastic intermediary | RF-040 |
| Odaenathus | Birth uncertain; died c. 267 CE | Palmyrene ruler and Roman eastern commander | RF-085 |
| Odoacer | c. 433–493 CE | Ruler of Italy and military king | RF-122 |
| Otho | 32–69 CE | Emperor | RF-061 |
| Pliny the Elder | 23/24–79 CE | Officer, administrator, fleet commander, and encyclopedist | RF-065 |
| Plutarch of Chaeronea | c. 46–after 119 CE | Greek biographer, philosopher, and priest | RF-138 |
| Polybius | c. 200–c. 118 BCE | Greek statesman, historian, and Roman hostage | RF-135 |
| Postumus | Birth unknown; died 269 CE | Emperor of the Gallic imperial regime | RF-086 |
| Priscus of Panium | Fifth century CE; dates uncertain | Diplomat and historian | RF-148 |
| Procopius of Caesarea | c. 500–after 554 CE | Legal adviser, eyewitness historian, and author | RF-145 |
| Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus | 185/184–129 BCE | Consul and siege commander | RF-016 |
| Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus | 236–183 BCE | General and consul | RF-011 |
| Publius Cornelius Tacitus | c. 56–c. 120 CE | Senator, consul, and historian | RF-140 |
| Publius Quinctilius Varus | 46 BCE–9 CE | Consul governor and army commander | RF-047 |
| Pulcheria | 399–453 CE | Augusta and eastern dynastic power broker | RF-112 |
| Pyrrhus of Epirus | c. 319–272 BCE | King of Epirus and expeditionary commander | RF-007 |
| Quintus Fabius Maximus | c. 280–203 BCE | Consul and dictator | RF-008 |
| Quintus Sertorius | c. 126–72 BCE | Roman commander opposing the Sullan settlement | RF-023 |
| Ricimer | c. 405–472 CE | Western military commander and kingmaker | RF-119 |
| Romulus | Traditional eighth century BCE | Founder king in Roman tradition | RF-001 |
| Romulus Augustulus | c. 460–after 476 CE | Young western emperor installed by Orestes | RF-121 |
| Septimius Severus | 145–211 CE | Emperor and founder of the Severan dynasty | RF-075 |
| Severus Alexander | 208–235 CE | Emperor | RF-080 |
| Sextus Pompey | c. 67–35 BCE | Naval commander and opponent of the triumvirs | RF-039 |
| Shapur I | Birth uncertain; died c. 270/272 CE | Sasanian king of kings | RF-084 |
| Spartacus | Birth unknown; died 71 BCE | Leader in the major Italian slave uprising | RF-026 |
| Stilicho | c. 359–408 CE | Senior western commander and political guardian | RF-107 |
| Tarquinius Superbus | Traditional sixth century BCE | Last king of Rome in the received narrative | RF-003 |
| Theodora | c. 497–548 CE | Empress and influential imperial partner | RF-130 |
| Theodoric the Great | c. 454–526 CE | Gothic king, ruler of Italy, and holder of Roman honors | RF-125 |
| Theodosius I | 347–395 CE | Emperor | RF-104 |
| Theodosius II | 401–450 CE | Eastern Roman emperor | RF-111 |
| Tiberius | 42 BCE–37 CE | Emperor and earlier frontier commander | RF-046 |
| Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus | c. 163–133 BCE | Tribune and agrarian reformer | RF-018 |
| Titus | 39–81 CE | Emperor and commander at Jerusalem | RF-064 |
| Titus Labienus | c. 100–45 BCE | Tribune and field commander | RF-033 |
| Titus Livius | 59 BCE–17 CE by the conventional chronology | Historian of Rome | RF-137 |
| Titus Quinctius Flamininus | c. 229–174 BCE | Consul general and diplomatic agent | RF-014 |
| Totila | Birth unknown; died 552 CE | Gothic king and commander in Italy | RF-133 |
| Trajan | 53–117 CE | Emperor and conqueror | RF-068 |
| Valens | c. 328–378 CE | Emperor of the eastern imperial sphere | RF-101 |
| Valentinian I | 321–375 CE | Emperor of the western imperial sphere | RF-100 |
| Valentinian III | 419–455 CE | Western emperor | RF-113 |
| Valerian | c. 195–after 260 CE | Emperor and eastern commander | RF-082 |
| Vercingetorix | Birth unknown; died 46 BCE | Gallic coalition leader | RF-034 |
| Vespasian | 9–79 CE | Emperor and founder of the Flavian dynasty | RF-063 |
| Viriathus | Birth unknown; died 139 BCE | Lusitanian resistance leader | RF-017 |
| Zeno | c. 425–491 CE | Eastern Roman emperor | RF-124 |
| Zenobia | Third century CE; later fate uncertain | Palmyrene ruler and regent for Vaballathus | RF-089 |
The other guides to figures
GuideAlphabetical registerNames follow the main dossier headings; alternate names appear within each dossier. Roman family names recur, so use…GuideChronological frameworkThese turning points orient the dossiers. A change of dynasty, provincial control, or religious policy was a process…GuideGeography and theatersThe regions below connect people across different centuries. They are not a claim that provincial boundaries remained…GuideThematic routesThese routes compare different forms of influence. A person may appear in several routes because a career rarely…GuideNames offices and political languageGuideDisputed traditions and common confusionsThe following distinctions prevent vivid stories and recurring names from overwhelming the people they are meant to…