Late Roman Political and Ecclesiastical History (323–425 AD)

Figure Name	Role or Title	Key Actions and Achievements	Geographic Region	Historical Period (Inferred)	Associated Religious or Political Faction	Source
Theodosius the Great	Roman Emperor	Unified the East and West; established Nicene Christianity as the state religion; defeated the usurper Eugenius; appointed Stilicho as guardian of his sons.	Entire Roman Empire	379-395 AD	Homoousian	1-3
Stilicho	General, Regent, and Consul	Defended the Roman Empire against the Getae, Huns, and Alans; defeated Gildo in Africa; governed both East and West after the death of Theodosius I; negotiated peace with Persia.	Western and Eastern Roman Empire	390s-408 AD	Stilicho loyalists	1, 2, 4-6
Honorius	Western Roman Emperor	Succeeded his father Theodosius I as ruler of the West; presided over a period of significant barbarian incursions and internal revolts; executed Stilicho.	Western Roman Empire (Rome/Ravenna)	395-423 AD	Supporters of Honorius	1, 3, 4, 6
Arcadius	Eastern Roman Emperor	Eldest son of Theodosius I; ruled the East during the rise of John Chrysostom and the revolt of Gainas.	Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople)	395-408 AD	Court of Arcadius	1, 3, 4, 6
John Chrysostom	Bishop of Constantinople	Prominent church orator and reformer; faced significant political opposition from Empress Eudoxia and Bishop Theophilus; eventually exiled.	Constantinople	390s-407 AD	Homoousian	3, 6
Eudoxia	Empress (Wife of Arcadius)	Exerted great influence over Arcadius; primary adversary of John Chrysostom; memorialized by a silver statue that led to conflict.	Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople)	390s-404 AD	Court of Arcadius	3, 6
Rufinus	Praetorian Prefect and Regent	Influential advisor to Theodosius I and Arcadius; noted for extreme avarice and treachery; accused of inciting barbarian tribes to destabilize the empire; slain by soldiers.	Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople)	390s AD	Rival of Stilicho	1, 6
Alaric	Leader of the Visigoths	Invaded Greece and Italy; besieged and sacked Rome in 410 AD.	Balkans and Italy	390s-410 AD	Visigoths (Getae)	3, 6
Gildo	Moorish General and Rebel	Revolted against the Western Empire and transferred allegiance to the East; caused famine in Rome by withholding grain.	North Africa (Libya)	390s AD	Moorish tribes/Anti-Honorius	2, 4
Athanasius	Bishop of Alexandria	Staunch defender of the Nicene Creed against Arianism; suffered multiple banishments and restorations under various emperors.	Egypt (Alexandria)	320s-373 AD	Homoousian	3
Arius	Presbyter of Alexandria	Originator of the Arian heresy regarding the nature of Christ; condemned at the Council of Nicaea.	Egypt and Bithynia	320s-336 AD	Arian	3
Macedonius	Bishop of Constantinople	Involved in violent disputes over the see; formulated doctrines later identified as the 'Pneumatomachian' heresy regarding the Holy Spirit.	Constantinople	340s-360 AD	Macedonian / Arian-leaning	3

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