Historical Battles and Military Conflicts in the Roman Empire

Battle/Conflict Name	Date (A.D.)	Location	Roman Commanders	Opposing Forces	Outcome	Casualties (Inferred)	Source
Battle of Strasburg	357	Near Strasburg, Gaul	Julian (Cæsar), Severus	Allemanni under Chnodomarius and Serapio	Decisive Roman victory; Chnodomarius captured; Roman sovereignty restored.	Roman: 243 soldiers and 4 generals; Allemanni: 6,000 corpses on the field plus incalculable numbers drowned.	1
Siege of Amida	359	Amida, Mesopotamia	Ælian (Count)	Persians under Sapor, Chionitæ under Grumbates	Persian victory; city stormed and rased; inhabitants and garrison slaughtered or enslaved.	Roman: nearly 20,000 killed or captured; Persian: 30,000 men.	1
Battle of Hadrianople	378	Near Hadrianople, Thrace	Valens (Emperor), Trajan, Sebastian, Victor	Goths under Fritigern, Alatheus, and Saphrax; Alani	Decisive Gothic victory; death of Emperor Valens; two-thirds of Roman army destroyed.	Roman: roughly 40,000 soldiers killed, including 35 tribunes and the Emperor.	1
Siege of Maogamalcha	363	Maogamalcha, Persia	Julian (Emperor), Victor, Nevitta, Dagalaiphus	Persian garrison	Roman victory; city taken via mine and rased to the ground.	Almost total slaughter of the Persian garrison and inhabitants.	1
Battle of Ctesiphon	363	Near Ctesiphon, Persia	Julian (Emperor), Victor, Arinthæus	Persians under Pigranes, Surena, and Narses	Roman victory; Persians driven behind city walls; Romans did not enter city.	Roman: 70 men killed; Persian: nearly 2,500 slain.	1
Battle of Colmar (Solicinium)	368	Solicinium, Gaul	Valentinian (Emperor), Sebastian	Allemanni under King Priarius	Roman victory; Allemanni routed after a fierce mountain struggle.	Roman: 1,200 killed; Allemanni: roughly 6,000 killed and 4,000 wounded.	1
Siege of Singara	360	Singara, Mesopotamia	Not in source	Persians under Sapor	Persian victory; town razed and garrison transported to Persia.	Heavy Roman losses; two legions ( $1^{st}$ Flavian and $1^{st}$ Parthian) taken prisoner.	1
Siege of Bezabde	360	Bezabde (Phœnice), Mesopotamia	Not in source	Persians under Sapor	Persian victory; city captured after a wall breach; Persian garrison established.	Vast slaughter on both sides; three Roman legions overwhelmed.	1
Siege of Seleucia	353	Seleucia, Isauria	Count Castucius, Nebridius	Isaurian banditti	Roman victory; the Isaurians retired to the mountains without capture.	Minimal reported on both sides; Isaurians suffered from hunger during the blockade.	1

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